Recovering from a broken elbow can be a long and challenging process. The elbow plays a central role in arm movement, so when it’s injured, it significantly impacts mobility and everyday functionality. While the healing process takes time, physiotherapy can make a world of difference in helping individuals regain strength, range of motion, and confidence in their abilities.
This article will guide you through the stages of recovery, the importance of physiotherapy for a broken elbow, and practical tips to support a successful rehabilitation.
Why Physiotherapy is Crucial After a Broken Elbow:
A broken elbow is not just about a fractured bone; it can also lead to stiffness, muscle weakness, and difficulty using the arm. After weeks or months of immobilization, your muscles and joints need targeted attention to restore their function. This is where physiotherapy steps in to help.
Physiotherapy plays an essential role in improving range of motion (ROM) and rebuilding lost strength. Without it, the elbow may remain stiff, making everyday tasks like bending, lifting, or even writing more difficult. Starting physiotherapy early, once approved by a doctor, can also reduce pain and scar tissue buildup. With proper guidance from a physiotherapist, patients can gradually restore both flexibility and strength in their injured arm.
Stages of Recovery After a Broken Elbow:
Recovering from a broken elbow is a step-by-step process, where each stage plays a crucial role. Below are practical examples and exercises to guide you through each phase of rehabilitation.
Acute Stage (Immobilization Phase):
During the acute stage, the broken elbow is immobilized to allow the bone to heal. Movement of the elbow is restricted, but there are still ways to prevent stiffness in unaffected parts of the arm.
What to Do:
- Wiggle your fingers regularly to maintain flexibility.
- Rotate your wrist gently every few hours to avoid stiffness.
- Perform gentle shoulder rolls forward and backward to prevent tightness in the shoulder joint.
Example Exercises:
- Finger Stretches: Make a fist and then fully extend your fingers. Repeat this 10–15 times throughout the day.
- Wrist Circles: Rotate your wrist clockwise and counterclockwise 10 times each.
- Shoulder Shrugs: Raise your shoulders upward toward your ears and release slowly. Perform 10 repetitions.
It’s essential to consult your physician before starting any movement during this phase to ensure it is safe for your broken elbow.
Early Recovery Phase (Post-Immobilization):
After the cast or splint is removed, the early recovery phase begins. The emphasis now is on gently restoring your joint mobility and preventing excessive stiffness.
What to Do:
- Focus on regaining movement in the elbow through gentle exercises.
- Stretch under the supervision of a physiotherapist to target stiff areas.
- Avoid heavy lifting or tasks that strain the arm.
Example Exercises:
- Elbow Bending and Straightening: Sit in a comfortable position and slowly bend your arm toward your shoulder, then straighten it fully. Perform 10 repetitions twice daily.
- Forearm Rotations: Place your elbow on a table and slowly turn your palm up to face the ceiling, then turn it down facing the table. Repeat 10–15 times.
- Light Stretching: Use your uninjured hand to gently push your broken elbow into a slightly bent or straightened position. Hold the stretch for 10 seconds and repeat five times.
Patience is critical in this phase, as overdoing exercises too quickly can hinder progress.
Intermediate Phase (Strengthening and Functionality):
Once some mobility is restored, you can start working on regaining strength. The focus in this phase is on making the broken elbow stable and functional for everyday tasks.
What to Do:
- Incorporate light resistance exercises to strengthen the weakened muscles.
- Use small, lightweight objects to practice lifting and gripping.
- Include exercises that help improve coordination.
Example Exercises:
- TheraBand Bicep Curls: Attach a resistance band to a sturdy surface. Hold the other end in the injured arm and slowly perform a bicep curl. Start with 5–10 repetitions and increase as tolerated.
- Isometric Elbow Contraction: Sit with your arm bent at 90 degrees. Press your palm against a flat surface (like a table) without moving your arm. Hold for five seconds and repeat 8–10 times.
- Grip Strength Training: Squeeze a soft stress ball in the palm of your hand while keeping your elbow slightly bent. Repeat 10–15 times daily.
This stage builds a foundation to prepare you for more advanced movements in the next phase.
Advanced Stage (Full Functionality and Independence):
The advanced stage is about enhancing strength, stability, and endurance. By this point, your broken elbow should be moving more freely, and you can focus on returning to your usual activities.
What to Do:
- Perform exercises that mimic real-life activities, like lifting or reaching.
- Gradually reintroduce hobbies or sports that require elbow movement.
- Continue strengthening exercises to build long-term stability.
Example Exercises:
- Overhead Tricep Extensions: Hold a light dumbbell with both hands behind your head, slowly extending your arms upward. Perform 10 repetitions.
- Push-Ups or Modified Push-Ups: Start with wall push-ups or knee push-ups to rebuild arm and elbow strength. Gradually progress to full push-ups.
- Reaching and Lifting: Practice lifting lightweight items off a shelf or reaching overhead, focusing on smooth, controlled motions.
During this phase, advance at your own pace and avoid high-impact activities until your physiotherapist confirms it is safe for your broken elbow.
By following these tailored exercises and gradually increasing your efforts, you can recover fully while ensuring your broken elbow regains strength and adaptability. Always listen to your body and communicate with your healthcare provider if you experience pain or discomfort.
Common Physiotherapy Exercises After a Broken Elbow:
Exercise is a critical part of recovering from a broken elbow, and rehabilitation programs often include exercises tailored to individual progress. Below are specific examples you can follow during each stage of recovery.
Range of Motion Exercises:
- Elbow Flexion and Extension
Sit comfortably at a table. Rest your forearm on the surface and slowly bend your elbow to bring your hand toward your shoulder. Then, gently straighten your arm back down. Repeat this motion 10–15 times within a pain-free range. Gradually increase the bend but move slowly to avoid overexertion. - Forearm Pronation and Supination
Hold a lightweight object, such as a small bottle or hammer, in your hand. Rest your forearm on your lap or a table with your wrist just over the edge. Slowly rotate your hand so your palm faces upward, then downward. Perform this rotation 10–12 times for each direction.
Strengthening Exercises:
- Isometric Exercises
Sit with your elbow bent at a 90-degree angle. Place the palm of your injured arm against a flat surface, such as a wall or a sturdy book. Apply light pressure to the surface without moving your arm, holding the contraction for 5 seconds. Release and repeat 8–10 times. This helps activate your muscles without causing additional strain on your broken elbow. - Resistance Training
Use a light resistance band. With your elbow bent at your side, hold one end of the band in your injured hand and the other end in your unaffected hand. Slowly stretch the band outward by rotating your forearm. Perform 8–10 repetitions to gradually build strength.
Stretching:
- Triceps Stretch
Lift your injured arm overhead and bend the elbow so that your hand moves behind your head. Use your other hand to gently push on your injured arm’s elbow, feeling a stretch in your triceps. Hold for 15–20 seconds and repeat 3 times. - Forearm Stretch
Extend your injured arm straight in front of you with your palm facing down. With your other hand, gently pull your fingers upward to feel a stretch along the underside of your forearm. Switch directions by pulling the fingers downward to address the top side of the forearm. Hold each stretch for 15 seconds and repeat 2–3 times.
Functional Exercises:
- Gripping Exercises
Practice squeezing a soft rubber ball or a sponge with your injured hand. Start with 5-second holds and gradually increase the number of repetitions to improve hand strength and coordination. - Reaching Exercises
Sit or stand with a lightweight object, such as a small can or bottle. Slowly reach forward with your injured arm, lift the object, and return it to its original position. Performing this lift in different directions (forward, sideways, or upward) helps improve mobility and control. - Fine Motor Coordination
Try using utensils like forks or small kitchen tools during meals. Practicing precise movements, like cutting food or picking up crumbs, rebuilds your ability to perform detailed tasks following a broken elbow.
By consistently practicing these examples, the functionality of your arm will gradually return. Whether you are stretching, strengthening, or performing functional tasks, these exercises are all vital steps in fully recovering from a broken elbow.
Tips for a Successful Recovery:
Recovering from a broken elbow is a gradual process that demands dedication. Below are some tips to ensure a smoother recovery process.
Follow Your Physiotherapist’s Guidance
Stick to the exercises and schedule recommended by your physiotherapist. Overdoing exercises or skipping sessions can hinder your progress.
Be Patient With Progress:
Healing takes time, and every individual’s recovery timeline is unique. Celebrate small milestones along the way.
Maintain Consistency:
Regularly performing your physiotherapy exercises is key to seeing long-term improvement.
Pay Attention to Nutrition:
A diet rich in calcium and vitamin D aids in bone healing, while proteins help rebuild muscle strength.
Manage Swelling and Stiffness:
Use ice or heat packs as instructed by your physiotherapist to alleviate discomfort and improve circulation.
Stay Positive:
Recovery may feel challenging at times, but staying focused and optimistic plays a significant role in maintaining motivation.
When to Seek Professional Help:
While physiotherapy can be very effective in managing recovery, not everyone’s rehabilitation path is straightforward. If you notice any of the following signs, consult a healthcare provider immediately.
- Persistent pain or swelling that doesn’t improve with physiotherapy.
- Problems regaining range of motion even after consistent effort.
- Unusual symptoms such as numbness, tingling, or instability in the elbow joint.
- Signs of possible complications, such as infection or nerve damage.
Frequently Asked Questions:
How soon can physiotherapy begin after a broken elbow?
Physiotherapy usually starts after your doctor confirms that the bone has healed enough to handle gentle movements. This is typically after the cast or splint is removed. Early intervention is key to preventing stiffness but should always align with medical advice.
Is physiotherapy painful after a broken elbow?
Some exercises may cause mild discomfort as your elbow regains strength and mobility. However, physiotherapy should never cause sharp or severe pain. If you experience significant pain, consult your physiotherapist to adjust your program.
What is the recovery timeline for a broken elbow?
Recovery can vary depending on the severity of the fracture, your age, and overall health. Most people regain significant function within three to six months, but full recovery from a broken elbow can take up to a year in more severe cases.
Can I regain full mobility after a serious broken elbow?
With consistent physiotherapy and proper care, many individuals achieve full mobility. However, factors like the type of fracture, surgical intervention, and dedication to rehabilitation can affect outcomes.
What types of exercises will I need to do?
Physiotherapy after a broken elbow may include range of motion exercises (like elbow bends), strengthening exercises (such as resistance band training), and functional tasks to rebuild coordination. Your physiotherapist will design a program tailored to your recovery stage.
Are there any risks associated with physiotherapy after a broken elbow?
When performed correctly under professional supervision, physiotherapy is safe and effective. However, overexertion or improper technique can lead to strain, setbacks, or additional injuries, so it’s essential to follow your physiotherapist’s guidance.
Do I need physiotherapy after surgery for a broken elbow?
Yes, if you’ve had surgery, physiotherapy is even more critical. It helps manage post-surgical stiffness, rebuilds muscle strength, and ensures the joint heals properly for optimal function.
What activities should I avoid during recovery?
Avoid lifting heavy objects, high-impact activities, or any motion that causes pain in your broken elbow. Gradual progression is crucial, and your physiotherapist will guide you on when it’s safe to return to specific tasks.
How do I know if I’m making progress?
Progress is seen through small milestones, such as increased range of motion, reduced pain, or improved strength in your arm. Regular check-ins with your physiotherapist can help track and adjust your recovery plan as needed.
What should I do if my recovery isn’t improving?
If you notice prolonged pain, swelling, or limited improvement despite physiotherapy, consult your doctor or therapist. These could be signs of complications, and early intervention can prevent further issues.
Conclusion:
Recovering from a broken elbow can feel like a daunting journey, but physiotherapy makes it not only manageable but truly effective. By focusing on restoring movement, regaining strength, and easing discomfort, it paves the way for individuals to rebuild confidence in their abilities and return to their daily activities with ease.
It’s important to stay consistent with your physiotherapy exercises, follow the guidance of your healthcare professional, and seek help if you feel stuck or experience any setbacks. With enough patience, persistence, and the right approach, you can achieve full functionality and get back to enjoying the activities you love.
What will you do today to take the next step in regaining control and strength in your arm after a broken elbow?
